Cause īronchiolitis obliterans has many possible causes, including collagen vascular disease, transplant rejection in organ transplant patients, viral infection ( adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, HIV, cytomegalovirus), Stevens–Johnson syndrome, Pneumocystis pneumonia, drug reaction, aspiration and complications of prematurity ( bronchopulmonary dysplasia), and exposure to toxic fumes. These insults include inhalation damage, post transplant auto-immune injury, post-infectious disease, drug reactions, and several auto-immune diseases. These symptoms represent an obstructive pattern that is non-reversible with bronchodilator therapy, and need to be related to various lung insults. The symptoms can start gradually, or severe symptoms can occur suddenly. Signs and symptoms īronchiolitis obliterans results in worsening shortness of breath, wheezing, and a dry cough. Prior descriptions occurred as early as 1956, with the term "bronchiolitis obliterans" used first by Reynaud in 1835. The condition was first clearly described in 1981. It, however, affects about 75% of people by ten years following a lung transplant and up to 10% of people who have received a bone marrow transplant from someone else. īronchiolitis obliterans is rare in the general population. Outcomes are often poor, with most people dying in months to years. This may include the use of corticosteroids or immunosuppressive medication. While the disease is not reversible, treatments can slow further worsening. Diagnosis is by CT scan, pulmonary function tests or lung biopsy. The underlying mechanism involves inflammation that results in scar tissue formation. Symptoms may not occur until two to eight weeks following toxic exposure or infection. Ĭauses include breathing in toxic fumes, respiratory infections, connective tissue disorder or complications following a bone marrow or heart-lung transplant. It is not related to cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, previously known as bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. These symptoms generally get worse over weeks to months. Symptoms include a dry cough, shortness of breath, wheezing and feeling tired. Toxic fumes, respiratory infections, connective tissue disorder, following a bone marrow or heart-lung transplant ĬT scan, pulmonary function tests, lung biopsy Ĭorticosteroids, immunosuppressive medication, lung transplant īronchiolitis obliterans ( BO), also known as obliterative bronchiolitis, constrictive bronchiolitis and popcorn lung, is a disease that results in obstruction of the smallest airways of the lungs ( bronchioles) due to inflammation. High resolution CT scan showing bronchiolitis obliterans with mosaic attenuation, bronchiectasis, air trapping and bronchial thickening ĭry cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, feeling tired Medical condition Bronchiolitis obliterans Ĭonstrictive bronchiolitis, Obliterative bronchiolitis, Popcorn lung
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